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(No Model.)

J. GAZELEY. Machine for Cutting Cylindrical Forms from Stone.

No. 239,608 Patented April 5,1881

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UNirnn STATES PATENT rrrcai JAMES GAZELEY, OF WATERVLIET, NEW YORK.

. MACH|NE FOR CUTTING CYLINDRICAL FORMS FROM STONE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 239,608, dated April 5, 1881.

Application filed February 15, 1881.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JAMES GAZELEY, of Watervliet, in the county of Albany and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machines for Cutting Stones in a Cylindrical Form, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to machinery for cutting stones into cylindrical forms, either as pure cylinders, or as cylinders terminating in either contracted or enlarged ends; and the object of my improvements is to provide a machine adapted for cutting out perfect cylinders of stone for columns, 850.; for removing cylindrical cores from large stones used for building and other purposes, so that the weight of such stones may be reduced and the cores utilized for any purpose they can be applied to, and for producing concave recesses, niches, 850., by first removing a cylindrical core from the stones and then separating them through the center line ofthe circular opening. This object I attain by means of the mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification, and in which Figure l is a front elevation of my machine; Fig.2, a horizontal section at the line Fig.3, a side elevation of a tubular cutting device; Fig. 4, a finishing cutting device fitted with segmental blades having curved spring ends arranged for producing a contracted termination of the cylindrical core, and Fig. 5 the same,with the blades arranged to produce an enlarged termination of the core.

As represented in the drawings, A indicates the frame work of the machine, having movable posts 60, adapted to be adjusted,by means of mortises a, to and from the center of the machine B, a vertical shaft fixed at the center of the machine, and revolved by gearing or other suitable means, for the purpose of carrying the cutting mechanism, which consists of the following: A circular cutter-head, G, is fitted to the shaft B in such manner that it will slide freely up and down thereon, but will positively revolve with said shaft, and is provided with a series of segmental cutters, D, that fit into recesses formed in the periphery of the said cutter-head. Thelower ends of the cutters D should be made of soft wrought-iron, or other ductile metal that will afford a suf- (No model.)

ficiently retentive hold for the abradiug material used,in conjunction with the cutters,for producing the cuts in the stone. The length of each cutter must be more than sufficient to extend through the stone on which it is to operate, and each is provided with a slotted opening, cl, (for receiving the bolts E, by which the cutters are secured to the head 0,) to permit the cutters to be adjusted vertically on the cutter-head, as required by the progress of the work. A circular steadiment, F, for holding the upper ends of the cutters, is fitted to slide freely on the shaft B, and is provided with recesses around itsperiphery for receiving the cutters, so as to preserve an unbroken circular outline. The concave bearers G are fitted to adjust against the steadiment F, for the purpose of preserving the centrality of the upper end of the cutting mechanism. Said bearers are attached, by means of a swiveljoint, to the screws g, whereby the bearers may be adjusted to fit against cutting mechanisms of different diameters. The screws g run through bosses formed on the slides H, which are vertically adjustable on the posts a, to suit the difi'erent elevations at which the steadiment F may be used. The slides H are secured in place by the set-screws h.

The operation of my improved machine is as follows: The stone (marked '1 in Figs. 1. and 2) has a center drilled in its upper face for receiving the lower end of the shaft B, as indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. 1, and is fixed in position in the machine. The shaft B, and its attached cutting mechanism, is arranged in place on top of the stone, and the bearers G are adjusted in the required positions for maintaining the upper part of the cutting device in a true central position, and preventing it from running with a wabbling motion at the beginning of the cutting, by which motion the character of the work will be greatly impaired. The shaft B is then set in motion to revolve the cutting device, and the abrading material and water are constantly fed around the path of the cutters-for cutting marble and the softer grades of stone, gravel and sharp sand will suffice for the abrading material; butfor granite and the harder grades the agency of granulated chilled iron or other kindred substance will be required-an d by this on a curvature.

ward, as the cutters are set) as they progress means a narrow annular incision is made downward into the body of the stone. After the cut is fairly started into the stone the use of the bearers G may be dispensed with. By frequently shifting the cutter-head O upward in respect to the cutting ends of the cutters D,to obtain sufficient working length of said butters for the continuance of the work, the quality of the work will be much improved, and this lengthening out of the cutters must be continued by successive degrees until the cutters extend down far enough to complete the work. 7

In the modification shown in Fig.3 the cutter D is made in the form of a tube of soft wrought-iron,which form, for making annular cuts of twenty inches diameter and under, I prefer to the segmental form of cutter, for the reason of its greater rigidity.

The segmental cutters 1) (shown in Figs. 4 and 5) are provided with spring ends formed The extremities of them are made of soft iron,for the purpose hereinbefore set forth, and the curved portions, as at d, are made of spring-steel. This form of cutter is designed to be used as a supplementary cutting device for changing the line of the annular incision from a straight line to a curved one. When such straight cuts have been carried to the required depth the straight cutters (segmental or tubular) are removed from the cutter-head O and the curved cutters D substituted for them. The spring ends of said cutters are then inserted in the annular incision in the stone and the cutters forced down until their ends rest on the bottom of the out, the spring portion (1 of the cutters yielding sufficiently for this purpose, and then, when the shaft B is again set in motion, the resilience of the springs causes the ends of the cutters to cut in a curved line (inward or outdownward. Thesuperincumbentweightofthe cutter-head, acting upon the I curved ends of the cutters, aids in inclining them to bend to a quicker curvature than they originally possess, so that when the curvatures are arranged toward each other, as shown in Fig. 4, they will approach each other in cutting until the core is nearly severed from the body of the stone, so that only a trifling force will be required to break it out. By arranging the cutters D with the curved ends tending outward, as shown in Fig. 5, the bottom part of the central core will be increased in diameter by means of an outwardly-curved outline, and the outer shell of the stone will have at its lower side a bell-mouth opening.

My improvement is especially important for producing cylindrical stones for straight columns and other kindred articles,which can be cut thereby to any required length, and with such accuracy that they will require no further dressing; and when such columns are designed more for ornamentation than for sustaining weight, so that a tubular shell will answer the purpose, several columns of the same length, but of different diameters, may be cut from a single stone only large enough in diameter to produce the largest column.

I claim as my invention I. In a machine for cuttingcylindricalstones, the combinatioi'nwith the vertical shaft-B, of the cutter-head 0, having a sliding motion on and rotated with said shaft, as herein described, said cutter-head being provided with either segmental or tubular cutters having a vertical adjustment in respect to said cutterhead, as herein, and for the purpose specified.

2. The combination, with the shaft B, out ter-head (l, and cutters D, of the. adjustable bearers G, as and for the purpose herein specified.

3. In a machine for cutting cylindrical forms from stone, the combination, with the cutterhead 0, of segmental cutters provided with curved spring portions at or near the cutting ends of said cutters, as and for the purpose herein specified. Y

JAMES GAZELEY.

Witnesses:

WILLIAM H. Low, E. F. BENHAM. 

